Independent
An independent movie is one that has been produced outside of a major studio, very little influence from any major studio's at all. An Independent film can be distributed or produced by the subsidiary of a major film company.
For a film to actually be considered Independent, less than half of the money that goes into producing and funding its creation can be from a major studio. An independent film can be funded by any method, this includes through your own finances, or through other people.
An example of an independent film that was funded through an other source would include reservoir dogs. The movie started with a budget of just $30,000.00, this all came from Quentin Tarantino's own pocket. Quentin's producer asked him for time to look for more money to fund the project, the producer gave on the script for the project that was to be called Resovoir Dogs to more people, it was then passed around until it ended up in Harvey Kietel's hands. Harvey Kietel then became the character Mr. White, he then went on to become the movies Executive Producer as well, providing a budget of 1.2 million dollar's.
So that an independent film can advertise better, but also gain a larger audience, they often use at least one star in their movie, so that they can gain more audience through the actors fan base. Another way of advertising and funding an independent film is through film festivals, as these give them the chance and opportunity to show them off and earn funding.
The more an independent film wins at independent film festivals, the more likely it is that they will be approached by a distribution company, they will most commonly want the rights to all three.
This will all help with the distribution of the movie. The movie can be distributed in a variety of ways, by a variety of companies. The movie is distributed in three different ways: Theatrical, DVD and Broadcast. Sometimes different companies will control the different parts of the distribution. Other times the different parts of the distribution could all be controlled by the same company.
The different mini major studios will provide more chance of a bigger up front payment, as a distributor they will control the theatrical, DVD and Broadcast release of the product. However this will mean that whatever money a production receives for its distribution will be the only payment. By selling distribution rights separately it provides the opportunity to make additional sales through different distribution methods, making more money and profit.
International co-production
An International co-production is a film made by production companies from different countries. These are great opportunities to open into different markets around the world, increasing the audience size. This can also increase the quality of a production through the sharing of investment's and funds.
International co-productions are made possible through agreements between countries, normally the agreement is set out to achieve some kind of goal this could be economic, cultural or even diplomatic goals.
The key feature of an International co-production is the fact that the production can be considered a national production by each partnering nation, meaning benefits available to both the separate nations television and film industries are available to the production.
The benefits of an International co-production include the access to partner governments and their incentives and subsidies. This could include tax benefits, to encourage film production, helping to produce films that are international, as they share the benefits.
By access to other partner nations markets, we have access to a larger audience, meaning a larger market to appeal to. The access to partner nations could include Locations, cultural benefits and more available technology. But the co-production allows for a better opportunity to use the film as a learning curb.
The problems included with an international co-production include an increased amount in coordination of the production and shooting costs. There is also a cost involved for dealing with government and the laws.
In an international co-production it can also have a difficulty with overall control of the project, they begin to lose specificity and creativeness.
Developing countries
Developing country are often referred to within cinema as the third cinema. Third cinema films mostly involve Africa, Asia and Latin america. Third cinema films tend to involve politics, and government, as these are big issues in these developing countries.
Third cinema was started in 1959 during the Cuban revolution, Che Geuvera supported this revolution. But its profile was raised in the 1960's by low budget, experimental movies, created by groups of Latin American filmmakers.
A very important third world film, La Hora de los Hornos (The Hour of Furnaces), was considered the most important third world documentary. This movie became inspirational, describing the famous Argentinian "dirty war".
African third world cinema will normally concentrate more on the issues of independence and cultural identity. This began with looking at the life of African tribes, but this has developed a lot since then, moving on to show the contemporary life of upper class citizens in the cinema of Nigeria, this is also known as Nollywood.
The Nigerian film industry has developed so much, growing into the role as second largest film industry. This has all risen with the increase of affordable filming equipment, editing technologies. The films are often produced for less then $15,000 and these are often produced in less than a fortnight.
The Nollywood system has only one distribution method, and that is via video CD's, no involvement of cinema. These are cheaper and more widely available, even in the more rural areas of Africa. Not many of these movies are released abroad or in the UK.
Developing countries do however still use the same methods to sell the production, this includes using famous people, famous songs, and any form of iconography.
An independent movie is one that has been produced outside of a major studio, very little influence from any major studio's at all. An Independent film can be distributed or produced by the subsidiary of a major film company.
An example of an independent film that was funded through an other source would include reservoir dogs. The movie started with a budget of just $30,000.00, this all came from Quentin Tarantino's own pocket. Quentin's producer asked him for time to look for more money to fund the project, the producer gave on the script for the project that was to be called Resovoir Dogs to more people, it was then passed around until it ended up in Harvey Kietel's hands. Harvey Kietel then became the character Mr. White, he then went on to become the movies Executive Producer as well, providing a budget of 1.2 million dollar's.
So that an independent film can advertise better, but also gain a larger audience, they often use at least one star in their movie, so that they can gain more audience through the actors fan base. Another way of advertising and funding an independent film is through film festivals, as these give them the chance and opportunity to show them off and earn funding.
The more an independent film wins at independent film festivals, the more likely it is that they will be approached by a distribution company, they will most commonly want the rights to all three.
This will all help with the distribution of the movie. The movie can be distributed in a variety of ways, by a variety of companies. The movie is distributed in three different ways: Theatrical, DVD and Broadcast. Sometimes different companies will control the different parts of the distribution. Other times the different parts of the distribution could all be controlled by the same company.
The different mini major studios will provide more chance of a bigger up front payment, as a distributor they will control the theatrical, DVD and Broadcast release of the product. However this will mean that whatever money a production receives for its distribution will be the only payment. By selling distribution rights separately it provides the opportunity to make additional sales through different distribution methods, making more money and profit.
International co-production
An International co-production is a film made by production companies from different countries. These are great opportunities to open into different markets around the world, increasing the audience size. This can also increase the quality of a production through the sharing of investment's and funds.
International co-productions are made possible through agreements between countries, normally the agreement is set out to achieve some kind of goal this could be economic, cultural or even diplomatic goals.
The key feature of an International co-production is the fact that the production can be considered a national production by each partnering nation, meaning benefits available to both the separate nations television and film industries are available to the production.
The benefits of an International co-production include the access to partner governments and their incentives and subsidies. This could include tax benefits, to encourage film production, helping to produce films that are international, as they share the benefits.
By access to other partner nations markets, we have access to a larger audience, meaning a larger market to appeal to. The access to partner nations could include Locations, cultural benefits and more available technology. But the co-production allows for a better opportunity to use the film as a learning curb.
The problems included with an international co-production include an increased amount in coordination of the production and shooting costs. There is also a cost involved for dealing with government and the laws.
In an international co-production it can also have a difficulty with overall control of the project, they begin to lose specificity and creativeness.
Developing countries
Developing country are often referred to within cinema as the third cinema. Third cinema films mostly involve Africa, Asia and Latin america. Third cinema films tend to involve politics, and government, as these are big issues in these developing countries.
Third cinema was started in 1959 during the Cuban revolution, Che Geuvera supported this revolution. But its profile was raised in the 1960's by low budget, experimental movies, created by groups of Latin American filmmakers.
A very important third world film, La Hora de los Hornos (The Hour of Furnaces), was considered the most important third world documentary. This movie became inspirational, describing the famous Argentinian "dirty war".
African third world cinema will normally concentrate more on the issues of independence and cultural identity. This began with looking at the life of African tribes, but this has developed a lot since then, moving on to show the contemporary life of upper class citizens in the cinema of Nigeria, this is also known as Nollywood.
The Nigerian film industry has developed so much, growing into the role as second largest film industry. This has all risen with the increase of affordable filming equipment, editing technologies. The films are often produced for less then $15,000 and these are often produced in less than a fortnight.
The Nollywood system has only one distribution method, and that is via video CD's, no involvement of cinema. These are cheaper and more widely available, even in the more rural areas of Africa. Not many of these movies are released abroad or in the UK.
Developing countries do however still use the same methods to sell the production, this includes using famous people, famous songs, and any form of iconography.
Good descriptions of the production contexts, just need more discussion and key examples for the merit level. Good work Stuart you have easily passed GC2.
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